Category: General Health

YOUR CHILD’S HEALTH CARE/ GENITAL, GROIN AND URINARY TRACT PROBLEMS: SCROTAL SWELLING

Hydrocoele

A hydrocoele is a soft swelling in the scrotum caused by a collection of fluid around the testicle. It does not cause pain. The fluid has been pushed down into the scrotum via a channel connected to the abdominal cavity. A hydrocoele may often be present at birth, and usually disappears after the child is 1 year old. It rarely needs any surgical intervention. If your child has any scrotal swelling, it is advisable to have your doctor check it. Sometimes hernias can be present at the same time as a hydrocoele.

Varicocoele

A varicocoele usually occurs after puberty. It is an abnormal enlargement of the veins around the testicle. It generally presents as a swelling around the testicle, usually the left one. A varicoele feels like a bundle of worms. If not treated sperm production may be affected. Treatment is surgical, and you should consult your doctor if you suspect that your child has a varicocoele.

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YOUR CHILD’S HEALTH CARE/ GENITAL, GROIN AND URINARY TRACT PROBLEMS: TWISTED TESTICLE (TORSION) AND UNDESCENDED TESTICLE

This is a condition in which a testicle suddenly becomes twisted, and its blood supply is blocked off. If it is not corrected quickly, the testicle may die.

Cause

The cause of a twisted testicle is uncertain.

Clinical features

Your child may complain of rapid onset of severe pain in the groin and of a sore lower abdomen. Within several hours the scrotum over the affected testicle may become very tender, hot and swollen.

Treatment

You should see your doctor immediately if your child has a swollen or painful testicle. Torsion of the testicle is a surgical emergency and must be operated on immediately if the testicle is to be saved.

The testicle is straightened and sewn into position to prevent twisting from recurring. The other testicle may be sewn into position at the same time, also as a preventive measure.

Prevention

There is no way to prevent this condition from occurring initially.

UNDESCENDED TESTICLE

Cause

In the developing foetus the testicle forms within the abdomen and later moves down into the scrotum. An undescended testicle is one which does not lie fully within the sac of the scrotum. This is a relatively common condition, and 2% of newborn have one or two undescended testicles. Within a year, these usually slip down to lie within the scrotum.

Treatment

If, after a year, this has not occurred, then surgical intervention is usually necessary to prevent damage to the testicle. Consult your doctor if you suspect your child has an undescended testicle.

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YOUR CHILD’S HEALTH CARE/ GENITAL, GROIN AND URINARY TRACT PROBLEMS: MENSTRUAL CRAMPS (DYSMENORRHOEA)

Cause

Menstrual cramps are caused by the contraction of the muscles of the uterus, under the influence of hormonal changes occurring at the time of menstruation.

Clinical features

Cramps may begin several hours before the flow of blood appears. They are usually in the lower abdomen and may feel like spasms, occurring frequently and lasting for several minutes at a time. Your daughter may have an associated headache, and even nausea. All these symptoms are usually only present on the first day of the period.

Treatment

A hot water bottle can help ease cramps. Try to encourage your daughter to maintain normal activity if she can. Make sure tampons are changed every 3-4 hours, so that build up of blood (which can lead to severe infection or toxic shock syndrome) does not occur. Sometimes a mild painkiller such as paracetamol may be helpful, but if they become necessary on a continual basis, you should see your doctor. Placing a young girl on the Pill will occasionally improve symptoms of a painful period.

When to see your doctor

• if your daughter’s period pains are significantly interfering with her school attendance;

• if despite the above measures, she has such severe pains that she needs to lie in bed;

• if the pains persist, or she has an offensive vaginal discharge;

• if she has a fever.

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YOUR CHILD’S HEALTH/GENITAL PROBLEMS: PENIS, PROBLEMS WITH THE FUSED LABIA

FUSED LABIA

Sometimes baby girls are born with their labia minora (inner lips of the vagina) fused together by a thin membrane. This can also sometimes happen following an infection. The opening of the vagina is sometimes covered over. If you suspect that your daughter has this problem, you should see your doctor to discuss its management.

PENIS, PROBLEMS WITH THE

Hypospadias

Hypospadias is an abnormality of the penis which is present at birth in 1 out of every 350 males. In this condition the opening of the urethra (the tube through which urine is emptied from the bladder) is on the underside of the penis instead of at the tip. If severe, it can be associated with a bent penis (chordee). Surgical repair is essential for hypospadias. Boys with hypospadias should not have a circumcision at birth, because it is sometimes necessary to use this skin to repair the hypospadias. If you notice that your child has hypospadias, it is advisable to seek early medical advice.

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YOUR CHILD’S CARE: GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

All babies and children are different, each with his own unique set of individual characteristics that makes him special. Yet growth and development do progress along pathways that are predictable. The stages and milestones described in this chapter are ones that most children go through and achieve at around the ages specified.

Remember, however, that there is a good deal of variation between children. The times and stages described here serve only as a guide to the range at which most children achieve milestones. Just because your child does not exactly coincide with these times does not mean that anything is wrong. Please do not worry if your child is different.

On the other hand, if you do have any concerns about your child’s growth and development, do not hesitate to seek professional advice. Do not wait — see your doctor or nurse who will be able to reassure you and give you appropriate advice.

Growth and development take place in the context of a continuing transaction between the child and his environment. Both intrinsic factors within the child and environmental influences (such as nutrition, stimulation, family interactions) are important.

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VITAMINS – VITAMIN A; D; K

An excess of Vitamin A is recognised to cause certain illnesses, and some explorers in the Arctic and Antarctic who have eaten the livers of seals and polar bears — which contain an enormous quantity of Vitamin A — have died from the effects of this.

Vitamin D is found in fish oils, dairy products, eggs. It is also produced in the body by the action of ultraviolet light on substances in the skin. And so in Australia a deficiency of this vitamin is rare.

Vitamin D is necessary for the calcium and phosphorous metabolism of the body and, so, the normal structure of bone. As with Vitamin A, an excess intake can cause serious symptoms.

Vitamin Ê also is a fat-soluble vitamin, and it is used in the liver in the manufacture of prothrombin, an essential factor in the clotting of blood.

Vitamin Ê occurs in green vegetables, and also some of the bacteria which normally live in the bowel manufacture this vitamin which we absorb and use.

An excess of Vitamin Ê has not been shown to cause any serious side-effects.

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EXERCISE – WALKING

Walking is good exercise. To reach and maintain physical fitness, it is necessary to walk 5 km in less than 45 minutes five times a week. The same result is obtained by running 2% km in less than 12 minutes four times a week.

If this is too fast for the middle-aged man or woman, run 3 km in less than 20 minutes, four times a week.

If you prefer to ride a bicycle, you should ride 8 kms in 20 minutes, six times a week.

Swimming is an excellent way of exercising your heart and lungs. Try 750 metres in 20 minutes, five times a week.

If you are competitive and wish to play squash, IV2 hours squash at least three times a week is necessary to maintain fitness.

If you exercise only twice a week, you cannot hope to get fit or maintain fitness. If you exercise only once a week, this is more dangerous to your heart than no exercise at all.

Exercise burns up energy and will slowly burn up excess weight. It may take a long time to burn off those extra kilos of fat but, combined with a proper diet, it can trim you down to an ideal weight.

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CANCER OF THE BREAST – OPERATION

Most doctors believe immediate operation following positive biopsy gives better results than closing the wound and operating again later. Psychologically it may be distressing to a woman to face a second operation.

There has been little improvement in the results of treatment of this condition over the last 30 years, despite enormous advances in treatment of other forms of cancer.

Operation remains the treatment of choice. In the past the operation was a radical mastectomy. This removed the affected breast, a large portion of overlying skin, the underlying muscles of the chest wall and the lymph glands under the arms.

The result is disfiguring and makes it hard to fit a prosthesis (breast substitute) under the clothes.

Despite arguments to the contrary suggesting lesser procedures, removal of the breast and the lymph glands is necessary. It is no longer considered necessary to remove the muscles of the chest wall.

Simple mastectomy (removal of the breast alone followed by radiation treatment to the glands under the arm) is advocated by some as an alternative.

Removal of the lump only, the so called lumpectomy, so as to leave a woman with her breast has, in my opinion, no part to play in the proper management of cancer of the breast. The risk of local recurrence is so high, about 60 per cent, that it is not justified.

Apart from operation there is often need for radiation treatment either in the initial treatment of breast cancer or in treatment of recurrences or spread of the tumor.

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MIRACLE FOODS FROM THE BEES: TWO REMARKABLE CASES OF RECOVERY

Mrs. Jytte Elmgaard, 35, from Denmark, was stricken by leuco-encephatalis—an organic nerve disease with epileptic attacks—in 1950. The disease is considered incurable. During the next ten years her condition grew progressively worse, until by 1961 she was totally paralyzed and bedridden. She had up to 40 epileptic attacks a day, became blind and could not move any part of her body. She lost weight and was fading away fast. No one expected her to survive . . . except her husband who didn’t want to give up.

A Danish doctor suggested trying pollen. He obtained a German pollen preparation in liquid form. Mrs. Elmgaard felt some improvement, but not much. A Swedish specialist was consulted and he advised trying Cernitin T.60 in the form of injections. Injection treatments started in May, 1963, first given by the doctor, then continued by Mr. Elmgaard. The Danish Medical Society gave permission to use these injections and the treatment was at all times under her doctor’s supervision. Later, several other pollen preparations were included in the treatment, such as Cernimult, Cernilton, Pollitabs, Polloton 25.

Swedish health magazine Tidskrift for Halsa, reported three years later that Mrs. Elmgaard has miraculously returned to life. Her condition has been steadily improving. Her vision has returned, she can sit up in her bed and talk, and her paralysis has been disappearing gradually from various parts of her body. Even her weight has become normal. She has to continue with the pollen injections, which in her case seem to have the similar effect that insulin has on a diabetic. The injections keep her free from attacks and improve her general condition.

Doctors were amazed by the “miracle.” They could not believe that she was still alive. Her case was reported and widely discussed in medical literature. Doctors suggested, of course, that “certain cases of leucoencephatalis for some unknown reason can heal spontaneously.”

Another case is the dramatic case of U.S. Air Force Lt. Col. Thomas J. Tretheway. During World War II, Col. Tretheway spent nine months in a Japanese prison camp as a prisoner of war. His health was in a deplorable state and his weight dropped from 175 pounds to only 85 pounds.

One night he managed to escape. But he was lost in the jungle and finally, after about three days of wandering and with gangrene on his feet, he succumbed to weakness and malnutrition. He was found unconscious by natives of a Chinese jungle tribe.

The natives brought him to the village and treated him for several weeks with a diet rich in pollen and honey. They also coated his feet with pollen and honey. After a few weeks his strength was restored and he was able to walk. The natives guided him to the English lines. An English doctor in Calcutta told him that it was pollen and honey he was to thank for his life and the use of his feet.

Col. Tretheway reported that the natives who saved his life collected pollen from the surface of the water where it had been carried by the wind. They made cakes from it, mixing it with honey—this was their staple diet. They were tall and lean, had perfect teeth, and both children and adults seemed to be in excellent health.

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BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

As you can clearly see from the above, the objective of the doctor treating high blood pressure should not be to lower the pressure with drugs, but rather to find the underlying causes of the elevated pressure and try to eliminate them. When the underlying causes or diseased conditions are corrected, then the high blood pressure will disappear of itself.

To reduce high blood pressure with the help of drugs is just as unwise as to suppress and combat high fever with drugs. Both are highly beneficial symptoms, initiated and brought about by the body for a defensive purpose: to effectively cope with the adverse diseased conditions and to restore health. Attention should be directed at the real causes of high blood pressure. General toxemia, impaired kidney function, glandular disturbances, hardening of the arteries—these must be corrected.

The biological doctor is concerned not only with the dropping of the systolic pressure, but with the all-round lessening of the strain on the arterial system and the improvement of the general health of the patient. This is accomplished with various biological treatments which are centered around fasting and dietetic restrictions.

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